smart contracts</strong></a> written in a variety of languages. This VM is quite similar to the current <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-ethereum-virtual-machine-evm/">Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)</strong></a>, although it has a few noticeable improvements. These improvements include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>The Qtum VM can <strong>read contracts in any programming language</strong> that supports a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>JIT compiler</strong></a>, including <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-c-plus-plus/">C++, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-java/">Java, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Python_(programming_language)/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong><strong>Python</strong></strong></a>, and other popular languages widely used in application development (EVM only reads <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-solidity/">Solidity language).</li>\n<li>The Qtum has implemented two new pricing models &ndash; fixed-fee per transaction and charge per transaction, in addition to supporting the standard gas model <em>(when users pay for each completed operation in a smart contract)</em> on <strong>Ethereum</strong>.</li>\n<li>The Qtum VM supports x86 registers and memory operations through a unified 16-bit instruction encoding approach that drastically reduces gas costs in common scenarios. This allows developers to do more operations per transaction on the Qtum blockchain, increasing its <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-throughput/">throughput./n/n

What Is Qtum?</h3>\n<p>Qtum is an open-source blockchain project that intends to combine <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/buy-bitcoin-btc/">Bitcoin's stability with <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/buy-ethereum-eth/">Ethereum's flexibility. It was <strong>created in</strong> 2016 by the Singapore-based Qtum Foundation, under the leadership of Patrick Dai, Neil Mahi, and Jordan Earls. Its <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-mainnet/">mainnet, on the other hand, <strong>was launched in 2017</strong>.</p>\n<p>Qtum protocol is a hybrid of Bitcoin Core, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-stake-pos/">Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus</strong></a>, and the EVM. It <strong>enables the execution of smart contracts using a PoS consensus mechanism</strong>. This helps save electricity and decreases the risk of centralization compared to <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-work-pow/">Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus</strong></a>.</p>\n<p>Moreover, Qtum uses a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-decentralized-governance/">Decentralized Governance</strong></a> Protocol (DGP) to ensure that the <strong>blockchain continues to function even if a few nodes fail</strong>. DGP enables the modification of certain blockchain characteristics such as block size, gas price, and block interval without the requirement for a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-hard-fork-blockchain/">hard fork</strong></strong></a>. It uses an <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-unspent-transaction-output-utxo/">unspent transaction output (UTXO)</strong></a> model for faster transaction processing, but it can also handle smart contracts in the same way as Ethereum does.</p>\n<p>The DGP in Qtum gives node operators particular choice privileges when it comes to updates like <strong>hard forks</strong>. Before modifications are applied to the blockchain, node operators must establish a consensus. This keeps the network from being destabilized by bugs or hacks, and it gives users explicit standards for keeping track of changes.</p>\n<p>Although there are other crypto projects seeking to achieve the same aims as Qtum, it is worth mentioning that <strong>Bitcoin's UTXO mechanism is what distinguishes it from them</strong>. 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The higher the yield sensitivity, the more likely it is that <strong>the price of the asset will fall as interest rates rise</strong>. Depending on the impact an interest rate change has on the price of a bond, yield sensitivity can be either positive or negative.</p>\n<p>It's usually calculated as <strong>the percentage change in price that would occur if a coupon rate of a bond increased by 1%</strong>. For instance, a bond with a $1,000 par value and a 5% coupon rate that is currently trading for $1,050 would have a yield sensitivity of 5%. This means that a <strong>1% increase in interest rates</strong> would cause the bond's value to decline by 5%.</p>\n<p>Interest rate sensitivity can be treated as an investment characteristic, which can help investors make better portfolio decisions. Since interest rates affect the value of bonds and <strong>other fixed-income investments</strong>, investors must consider their personal interest rate sensitivity when determining how much of these securities should be included in their portfolios.</p>\n<p>Investors that are more sensitive to interest rate hikes favor investments with lower interest rate sensitivity, as they are <strong>less likely to lose money</strong> if the market swings against them. Investors who aren't concerned about rising interest rates prefer investments with a higher interest rate sensitivity because they aren't concerned about the investment's value being negatively influenced by a rise in interest rates.</p>","level":"easy","meta_title":"What is Yield Sensitivity? 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However, it can also be redeemed at a 1:1 ratio for the original Ether.</p>\n<p><a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-ether/">Ether (the native currency of Ethereum) was created before the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-erc-20/">ERC-20 standard</strong></a> or any other standards were established. As a result, <strong>Ether is not ERC-20 compatible.</strong> Thus, it cannot be exchanged for other ERC-20 tokens in a decentralized manner.</p>\n<p>Though rather than implementing two interfaces within the same <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-smart-contract/">smart contract</strong></a>, which would add unnecessary complexity, developers came up with the solution of wrapping Ether to upgrade it to the ERC-20 standard. This allows WETH and other ERC-20 tokens to be handled within the same contract.</p>\n<p>Wrapping Ether creates a possibility of a <strong>direct and frictionless exchange</strong> between Ether and ERC-20 tokens. This means that there would be no need to rely on third parties. Besides, it helps to <strong>avoid exposing users to extra risks.</strong> For example, it would help to avoid unexpected transaction errors that could appear due to complicated implementations.</p>\n<p>Many Ethereum-based <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-are-decentralized-applications-dapps/">decentralized apps (dApps)</strong></a> use WETH instead of Ether. They do that to enable direct and decentralized <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-peer-to-peer-p2p/">peer-to-peer trading between Ether in a wrapped form and ERC-20 tokens that follow the same technical standard.</p>","level":"easy","meta_title":"What is Wrapped Ether (WETH)? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Wrapped Ether (WETH) meaning: Wrapped Ether (WETH) - the ERC-20 compatible version of Ether.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-05-25T07:30:30.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-06-07T11:49:23.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-wrapped-ether-weth"},"currentChapter":"X","currentSection":"what-is-x86-virtual-machine-qtum","chapterTitle":"X","readingLevel":"medium"},"url":"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-x86-virtual-machine-qtum","version":"cdd198d50cbe5c9c21c9329d7c096ffc"}" class="container-fluid d-flex crypto-book p-0">
Handbook Cover Page
Crypto Terms: Letter X

What is x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum)?

x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum) MEANING:
x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum) - x86 Virtual Machine – a machine created by Qtum for executing smart contracts in various programming languages.
Medium
2 minutes

Let's find out x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum) meaning, definition in crypto, what is x86 Virtual Machine (Qtum), and all other detailed facts.

The x86 Virtual Machine (VM), developed by the Qtum team, can run smart contracts written in a variety of languages. This VM is quite similar to the current Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM), although it has a few noticeable improvements. These improvements include:

  • The Qtum VM can read contracts in any programming language that supports a JIT compiler, including C++, Java, Python, and other popular languages widely used in application development (EVM only reads Solidity language).
  • The Qtum has implemented two new pricing models – fixed-fee per transaction and charge per transaction, in addition to supporting the standard gas model (when users pay for each completed operation in a smart contract) on Ethereum.
  • The Qtum VM supports x86 registers and memory operations through a unified 16-bit instruction encoding approach that drastically reduces gas costs in common scenarios. This allows developers to do more operations per transaction on the Qtum blockchain, increasing its throughput.

What Is Qtum?

Qtum is an open-source blockchain project that intends to combine Bitcoin's stability with Ethereum's flexibility. It was created in 2016 by the Singapore-based Qtum Foundation, under the leadership of Patrick Dai, Neil Mahi, and Jordan Earls. Its mainnet, on the other hand, was launched in 2017.

Qtum protocol is a hybrid of Bitcoin Core, Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus, and the EVM. It enables the execution of smart contracts using a PoS consensus mechanism. This helps save electricity and decreases the risk of centralization compared to Proof-of-Work (PoW) consensus.

Moreover, Qtum uses a Decentralized Governance Protocol (DGP) to ensure that the blockchain continues to function even if a few nodes fail. DGP enables the modification of certain blockchain characteristics such as block size, gas price, and block interval without the requirement for a hard fork. It uses an unspent transaction output (UTXO) model for faster transaction processing, but it can also handle smart contracts in the same way as Ethereum does.

The DGP in Qtum gives node operators particular choice privileges when it comes to updates like hard forks. Before modifications are applied to the blockchain, node operators must establish a consensus. This keeps the network from being destabilized by bugs or hacks, and it gives users explicit standards for keeping track of changes.

Although there are other crypto projects seeking to achieve the same aims as Qtum, it is worth mentioning that Bitcoin's UTXO mechanism is what distinguishes it from them. Besides, Qtum is a platform that aims to create smart contracts and decentralized applications (dApps) that could be deployed in enterprise settings.
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