distributed ledger technology (DLT)</strong></a> variant that is restricted in a way that only people or organizations with permission can access it. This distinguishes them from public networks like <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/buy-bitcoin-btc/">Bitcoin and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/buy-ethereum-eth/">Ethereum, which are open to everyone and do not require prior authorization.</p>\n<p>A permissioned ledger <strong>differs from a centralized database</strong> in that it has several participants and no single point of failure. Besides, all data of a permissioned ledger is verifiable, unlike in centralized databases, employing <strong>secure cryptography</strong> and digitally verified signatures.</p>\n<p>The main features of permissioned ledgers include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>They can be based on existing public networks. 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Terms","updated":false,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/crypto-101-glossary.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-glossary-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z"]}],"nextSection":{"id":582,"original_id":null,"author_id":41,"translator_id":null,"title":"What is Pair?","slug":"what-is-pair","section":"P","keyword":"Pair","status":"published","definition":"a trade between two cryptocurrency assets.","content":"<p>A <strong>pair</strong>, or a trading pair, describes two <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-cryptocurrency/">cryptocurrencies that are traded on crypto exchange platforms. The two coins in the pair are separated by either a slash (/) or a dash (&mdash;).</p>\n<p><strong>The first listed currency is the base currency</strong>, while the second is the quote currency. BTC/ETH is a trading pair of <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/buy-bitcoin-btc/">Bitcoin (BTC)</strong></a> and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/buy-ethereum-eth/">Ethereum (ETH)</strong></a>. Here, Bitcoin is the base currency, and <strong>Ethereum is the quote currency</strong>. This pair means that traders can buy Bitcoin using Ethereum or sell Bitcoin to receive Ethereum.</p>\n<p>During the exchange process, traders can see how much quote currency they require to purchase one full unit of the base cryptocurrency. Most trading pairs on various cryptocurrency exchange platforms use Bitcoin, Ethereum, and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/buy-tether-usdt/">Tether (USDT)</strong></a> as the base currencies.</p>\n<p>There are many factors that influence the traders&rsquo; decision of what trading pair they choose. One of the main aspects is whether a specific pair is listed on a certain exchange platform and, if so, how much <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-liquidity/">liquidity it has. If the chosen trading pair has low liquidity or <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-trading-volume/">trading volume</strong></a>, it may take longer to fulfill the order or it may end up unfulfilled altogether.</p>\n<p><strong>Crypto-to-crypto pairs</strong> are most commonly traded on exchange platforms. However, some exchanges that support <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-fiat/">fiat currencies</strong></a> can also offer trading in fiat/crypto fairs, following the same trading principles.</p>","level":"easy","meta_title":"What is Pair? 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Besides, there is no need for a central server to facilitate and maintain such communication.</p>\n<p><strong>All peers are treated equally</strong> and have access to the same benefits. To use a P2P system, all you need is an internet connection and a copy of the software (or protocol). In the absence of a central server processing requests and managing resources/tasks, peers often make all or part of their resources available to the network.</p>\n<p>In the context of cryptocurrencies and blockchain, P2P is especially important. For example, <strong>Bitcoin's</strong> <strong>whitepaper</strong> describes its protocol as a <em>\"Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System,\"</em> which refers to all members participating in a mutually beneficial and equal manner without the use of any <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-intermediary-middleman/">intermediaries.

/n

Miners that provide processing power to the network instead of block subsidies and transaction fees have a more complete copy of the data. However, all peers or nodes of a blockchain <strong>typically have the same copy of account and transaction history records.</strong></p>\n<p>While <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/buy-bitcoin-btc/">Bitcoin is truly a peer-to-peer protocol that does not rely on a centralized third party, <strong>P2P doesn't always have to be blockchain-based. </strong>For example, despite the fact that <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/&lt;strong&gt;BitTorrent&lt;/strong&gt;/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>BitTorrent</strong></a> was not originally built on the blockchain, it is now one of the most popular decentralized peer-to-peer systems.</p>","level":"easy","meta_title":"What is Peer-to-Peer (P2P)? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Peer-to-Peer (P2P) meaning: Peer-to-Peer (P2P) - the splitting of duties or workloads between peers through decentralized interactions in a distributed network.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-03-24T13:41:29.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-09-19T07:16:57.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-peer-to-peer-p2p"},"currentChapter":"P","currentSection":"what-is-permissioned-ledger","chapterTitle":"P","readingLevel":"easy"},"url":"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-permissioned-ledger","version":"cdd198d50cbe5c9c21c9329d7c096ffc"}" class="container-fluid d-flex crypto-book p-0">

Handbook Cover Page
Crypto Terms: Letter P

What is Permissioned Ledger?

Permissioned Ledger MEANING:
Permissioned Ledger - a ledger that is restricted in a way that only people or organizations with permission can access it.
Easy
1 minute

Let's find out Permissioned Ledger meaning, definition in crypto, what is Permissioned Ledger, and all other detailed facts.

A permissioned ledger is a closed-source distributed ledger technology (DLT) variant that is restricted in a way that only people or organizations with permission can access it. This distinguishes them from public networks like Bitcoin and Ethereum, which are open to everyone and do not require prior authorization.

A permissioned ledger differs from a centralized database in that it has several participants and no single point of failure. Besides, all data of a permissioned ledger is verifiable, unlike in centralized databases, employing secure cryptography and digitally verified signatures.

The main features of permissioned ledgers include:

  • They can be based on existing public networks. However, their design and implementation significantly differ.
  • They are tokenless.
  • They perform effectively.
  • They enable businesses and enterprises to share critical data in a secure, cost-effective, and discreet manner.
  • In terms of immutability, permissioned ledgers are similar to public ledgers, however, the latter is generally a lot stronger in this regard.
  • They have a semi-centralized governance structure that requires the approval of all permitted participants. Decentralization, transparency, anonymity, security, and censorship resistance vary widely among such systems.
  • They have an advantage over their permissionless equivalents in legal and regulatory matters. 

R3, B3i, and Hyperledger are typical examples of permissioned ledgers.
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