smart contract</strong></a>, a marketplace, a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-decentralized-exchange-dex/">DEX). This is done so that users would take action within the permissionless, decentralized software also being unaware of the errors.</p>\n<p>As an example, let's take the decentralized prediction market platform based on the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/buy-ethereum-eth/">Ethereum blockchain - Augur. Some theories state that the prediction markets that are on the platform are subjects of the design flaw attacks. This is because the markets supposedly can trick people into<strong> betting their funds on a flawed contract</strong>, since they have unclear descriptions. This could result in lost funds for the investor.</p>\n<p>Also, these types of attacks could potentially target price feeds and other similar sources of information. The malicious actor can exploit and manipulate any smart contract that depends on the particular data source. This can be achieved due to the protocol or a marketplace having only one price source <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-api/">API./nIt can be discontinued even before the expiration date which offers the attacker an opportunity to complete his plan.</p>\n<p>Usually, a design flaw attack creates fake opportunities that are very visible to consumers, so that they would <strong>lock</strong> their cash within a smart contract. An unfair settlement and a release of capital is an outcome of a faulty, and believable description of some contract terms or the protocol upon which they are based. The description usually illustrates a lot of benefits for the user.</p>\n<p>Moreover, another way a malicious actor could carry on with his design flaw attack is to discover an already existing contract that, indeed, has flaws. 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Terms","updated":false,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/crypto-101-glossary.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-glossary-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z"]}],"nextSection":{"id":983,"original_id":null,"author_id":40,"translator_id":null,"title":"What is Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA)?","slug":"what-is-dollar-cost-averaging-dca","section":"D","keyword":"Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA)","status":"published","definition":"an investment strategy where a person invests the same amount of money for set period of time.","content":"<p>Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA) is when you invest the same amounts of money every set amount of time, at <strong>regular intervals</strong>. It’s a well-known method among investors. They use it when they have a goal of avoiding risk exposure, as well as so that their investment would not be greatly affected by market volatility.</p>\n<p>Here is a simple example of a DCA:</p>\n<p>Let’s say that two people that have different investment methods and profiles - Tom and Jane, invested in <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/buy-ethereum-eth/">Ethereum. Tom has an idea to buy <strong>$300</strong> of ETH every month until he has 1 ETH.</p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%; height: 154px;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">DATE</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">ETH Purchased</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">Total ETH (sum)</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">Total Cost</td>\n</tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">May 4</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">0.1309</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">0.1509</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">$300</td>\n</tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">June 4</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">0.1499</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">0.3008</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">$600</td>\n</tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">July 4</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">0.1702</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">0.451</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">$900</td>\n</tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">August 4</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">0.2823</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">0.7333</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">$1200</td>\n</tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">September 4</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">0.1998</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">0.9331</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">$1500</td>\n</tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 22px;\">\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">October 4</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">0.1112</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">1.0443</td>\n<td style=\"width: 22.9636%; height: 22px;\">$1800</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>He was able to get 1 ETH for a total price of <strong>$1,800</strong> using this strategy. His strategy was very different since Jane just purchased one whole ETH that cost <strong>$2,300</strong>.</p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse; width: 100%;\" border=\"1\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 31.284%;\">DATE</td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.284%;\">Total ETH</td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.2862%;\">Total Cost</td>\n</tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 31.284%;\">May 4</td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.284%;\">1</td>\n<td style=\"width: 31.2862%;\">$2,300</td>\n</tr>\n</tbody>\n</table>\n<p>Jane got 1 ETH in May. In this case, she paid more than Tom. Her total investment cost was $2,300. This shows that investors might <strong>profit</strong> from using the DCA strategy. In this particular scenario, Jane paid more than Tom, because she purchased one ETH immediately, rather than investing particular amounts for an extended amount of time.</p>\n<p>The reason behind creating the term itself is because of the demand of reducing the average cost of the total amount of assets bought.</p>\n<p>In essence, the investor would be able to purchase a lesser piece of an asset for a higher price. Simultaneously, when the asset's price falls, more units are sold. As a result, the investor would enter a position progressively, <strong>rather than all at once</strong>.</p>","level":"easy","meta_title":"What is Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA)? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA) meaning: Dollar Cost Averaging (DCA) - an investment strategy where a person invests the same amount of money for set period of time.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-05-18T10:34:51.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-06-07T11:49:23.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-dollar-cost-averaging-dca"},"prevSection":{"id":978,"original_id":null,"author_id":43,"translator_id":null,"title":"What is Difficulty Bomb?","slug":"what-is-difficulty-bomb","section":"D","keyword":"Difficulty Bomb","status":"published","definition":"the amplification of mining difficulty within the Ethereum blockchain as a means to transition from a Proof-of-Work system to a Proof-of-Stake system.","content":"<p><strong>Difficulty</strong> <strong>Bomb</strong> refers to the <strong>increasing difficulty of mining on <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/buy-ethereum-eth/">Ethereum with a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-work-pow/">Proof-of-Work mechanism</strong>. The difficulty increases per specific <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-block-height/">block heights</strong></a>. It’s a part of the gradual shift to Ethereum 2.0 that uses a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-stake-pos/">Proof-of-Stake consensus mechanism.</p>\n<p>The key part of the mining process is solving a complex mathematical puzzle. The miner that does it first receives the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-mining-reward/">mining reward</strong></a>.</p>\n<p>Currently, miners take 10 to 20 seconds to solve a Proof-of-Work mining puzzle. As the number of miners increases, so does the speed of solving these puzzles. The difficulty bomb was created to tackle this problem.</p>\n<p>As the puzzles become more and more difficult, it will be less and less profitable to continue mining on the old chain. <strong>The ultimate goal of the difficulty bomb is to discourage miners from generating blocks under the Proof-of-Work mechanism</strong>. Which will lead to the old chain being abandoned and, in essence, frozen in time. </p>\n<p>Moreover, the difficulty bomb is a <strong>preventative measure for forking</strong> the Ethereum blockchain into two separate blockchains.</p>\n<p>It also makes sure that the development of the Ethereum blockchain doesn’t become stagnant. This is a necessary step to maintain a stable and usable blockchain.</p>","level":"easy","meta_title":"What is Difficulty Bomb? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Difficulty Bomb meaning: Difficulty Bomb - the amplification of mining difficulty within the Ethereum blockchain as a means to transition from a Proof-of-Work system to a Proof-of-Stake system.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-05-18T07:27:48.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-06-07T11:49:23.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-difficulty-bomb"},"currentChapter":"D","currentSection":"what-is-design-flaw-attack","chapterTitle":"D","readingLevel":"medium"},"url":"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-design-flaw-attack","version":"cdd198d50cbe5c9c21c9329d7c096ffc"}" class="container-fluid d-flex crypto-book p-0"> Crypto Terms: Letter D
What is Design Flaw Attack?
Design Flaw Attack MEANING:
Design Flaw Attack -
a sort of attack that uses the flaws of software design.
Let's find out Design Flaw Attack meaning, definition in crypto,
what is Design Flaw Attack,
and all other detailed facts.
A design flaw attack is a type of malicious attack with the goal to gain access to someone’s crypto funds. It takes place by an attacker creating some kind of flawed software (a smart contract, a marketplace, a DEX). This is done so that users would take action within the permissionless, decentralized software also being unaware of the errors.
As an example, let's take the decentralized prediction market platform based on the Ethereum blockchain - Augur. Some theories state that the prediction markets that are on the platform are subjects of the design flaw attacks. This is because the markets supposedly can trick people into betting their funds on a flawed contract, since they have unclear descriptions. This could result in lost funds for the investor.
Also, these types of attacks could potentially target price feeds and other similar sources of information. The malicious actor can exploit and manipulate any smart contract that depends on the particular data source. This can be achieved due to the protocol or a marketplace having only one price source API.
It can be discontinued even before the expiration date which offers the attacker an opportunity to complete his plan.
Usually, a design flaw attack creates fake opportunities that are very visible to consumers, so that they would lock their cash within a smart contract. An unfair settlement and a release of capital is an outcome of a faulty, and believable description of some contract terms or the protocol upon which they are based. The description usually illustrates a lot of benefits for the user.
Moreover, another way a malicious actor could carry on with his design flaw attack is to discover an already existing contract that, indeed, has flaws. Usually, it was created by another person that didn’t have any bad intentions.
This way, the attack would concentrate on the knowledge imbalance between the attacker and any possible accessible network member.
