cryptography./n
Cryptography, as many new computer technologies at the time, was initially used exclusively by governmental agencies and military departments. In the 1970s, <strong>the US National Bureau of Standards</strong> (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology) and the National Security Agency (NSA) published the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_Encryption_Standard/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Data Encryption Standard</strong></a> algorithm, which was developed by IBM.</p>\n<p>In 1976, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman authored the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/publications/24.pdf/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong><strong>New Directions in Cryptography</strong></strong></a> paper. Diffie and Hellman are considered to be the pioneers of public-key cryptography.</p>\n<p>The Cypherpunk movement came together inspired by the two publications on cryptography. In 1992, Cypherpunks established a mailing list which in two years gained <strong>700 subscribers</strong>. By 1997, around 2000 users were part of the Cypherpunks mailing list.</p>\n<p>The mailing list was used to talk about subjects such as computer science, cryptography, and mathematics. The Cypherpunks would also discuss the topics of <strong>politics</strong> and philosophy and question the issues related to government surveillance and corporate control. Between 1996 and 1999, roughly 30 messages would be transmitted daily.</p>\n<p>One of the key goals for Cypherpunks was to bring their concepts of widely available cryptography to the real world. Cypherpunks worked on numerous cryptography-based applications. Their technological developments are used to this day.</p>\n<p><strong>Some of the projects that Cypherpunks developed</strong> or contributed to are the secure data communication program <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pretty_Good_Privacy/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Pretty Good Privacy (PGP)</strong></a> and anonymous communication software <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-tor/">Tor.
/n
Cryptography played a massive role in the development of <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-blockchain/">blockchain and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-cryptocurrency/">cryptocurrencies. Many of the people referenced in the Bitcoin <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-whitepaper/">whitepaper were part of the Cypherpunks movement, and their ideas were implemented in the development of blockchain technology.</p>\n<p>Some of the well-known names in the crypto world, such as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/who-is-adam-back/">Adam Back</strong></a> or <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/who-is-nick-szabo/">Nick Szabo</strong></strong></a>, are members of the Cypherpunk movement.</p>","level":"medium","meta_title":"What is Cypherpunk? 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Have?","featured_image_id":10729,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":2,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-invest-in-crypto","featured_image":{"id":10729,"uuid":"3439a1db-9892-404a-b4b6-a1db5a34bca4","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/optimized/how-to-invest-in-crypto-featured-image.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/optimized/how-to-invest-in-crypto-featured-image.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/original/how-to-invest-in-crypto-featured-image.jpg","name":"how-to-invest-in-crypto-featured-image.jpg","original_name":"how-to-invest-in-crypto-featured-image.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":1024,"height":576,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"75.22KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"ico-vs-ido","title":"ICO vs IDO vs IEO: Which One is the One?","featured_image_id":11310,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":3,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/ico-vs-ido","featured_image":{"id":11310,"uuid":"315e8a2b-93a1-4870-be48-a2a09d801663","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/optimized/ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/optimized/ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/original/ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","name":"ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","original_name":"ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":1024,"height":576,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"64.39KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"what-is-an-airdrop","title":"What are Crypto Airdrops and How to Get Them?","featured_image_id":11359,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":4,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/what-is-an-airdrop","featured_image":{"id":11359,"uuid":"7b43c968-1275-4d3e-acb1-1707a43a4014","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/optimized/what-is-an-airdrop-featured-image.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/optimized/what-is-an-airdrop-featured-image.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/original/what-is-an-airdrop-featured-image.jpg","name":"what-is-an-airdrop-featured-image.jpg","original_name":"what-is-an-airdrop-featured-image.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":1024,"height":576,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"66.05KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-get-free-crypto","title":"How to Get Free Crypto Assets?","featured_image_id":6542,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":5,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-get-free-crypto","featured_image":{"id":6542,"uuid":"4fceb9ab-391e-4ef9-b00d-c871a49878a3","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/media/how-to-get-free-crypto.o.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-get-free-crypto.o.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-get-free-crypto.jpg","name":"how-to-get-free-crypto.o.jpg","original_name":"how-to-get-free-crypto.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":768,"height":478,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"93.93KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-arbitrage-crypto","title":"What is Crypto Arbitrage: The Main Principles","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":6,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-arbitrage-crypto","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"what-is-fud","title":"What is FUD: How to Use It to Your Advantage While Investing in Crypto?","featured_image_id":11394,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":7,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/what-is-fud","featured_image":{"id":11394,"uuid":"defd32c5-d3e1-4e66-9f58-e2ee316bad3a","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/optimized/what-is-fud-featured-image.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/optimized/what-is-fud-featured-image.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/original/what-is-fud-featured-image.jpg","name":"what-is-fud-featured-image.jpg","original_name":"what-is-fud-featured-image.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":1024,"height":576,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"65.30KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"investing-in-cryptocurrency","title":"Investing in Cryptocurrency: How to Manage Your Risks?","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":8,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/investing-in-cryptocurrency","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"what-is-a-rug-pull-in-crypto","title":"What is a Rug Pull in Crypto?","featured_image_id":6532,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":9,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/what-is-a-rug-pull-in-crypto","featured_image":{"id":6532,"uuid":"be8043fb-078c-4487-9af9-d2d9c2b574ea","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/media/what-is-a-rug-pull-in-crypto.o.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/media/what-is-a-rug-pull-in-crypto.o.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/media/what-is-a-rug-pull-in-crypto.jpg","name":"what-is-a-rug-pull-in-crypto.o.jpg","original_name":"what-is-a-rug-pull-in-crypto.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":768,"height":478,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"92.28KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-avoid-rug-pulls-in-crypto","title":"How to Spot and Avoid Rug Pulls?","featured_image_id":6555,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":10,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls-in-crypto","featured_image":{"id":6555,"uuid":"80cbed9d-3b4b-45d9-9a85-d2d8108c0f32","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.o.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.o.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.jpg","name":"how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.o.jpg","original_name":"how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":768,"height":478,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"111.99KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes","title":"The Key Legal Techniques of Avoiding Crypto Taxes","featured_image_id":6526,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":11,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes","featured_image":{"id":6526,"uuid":"1e44162c-ef1d-4010-81b4-9e8d1809aedf","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes.o.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes.o.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes.jpg","name":"how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes.o.jpg","original_name":"how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":768,"height":478,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"99.10KB"},"youtube_video":null}]},{"id":8,"title":"Crypto 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About","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":2,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/best-technical-analysis-indicators-for-crypto","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"what-is-candlesticks","title":"Technical Analysis: What are Candlesticks, Trendlines, and Patterns?","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":3,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/what-is-candlesticks","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-track-new-crypto-coins","title":"Crypto Tracking: How to Track Your Favorite Coins & Tokens?","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":4,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-track-new-crypto-coins","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-research-crypto","title":"Crypto Research Fundamentals & Social Signals: Your Daily Trading Strategy","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":5,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-research-crypto","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null}]},{"id":9,"title":"Mining","slug":"mining","updated":false,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/learn-crypto-mining.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-mining-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[]},{"id":10,"title":"Crypto Terms","updated":false,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/crypto-101-glossary.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-glossary-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z"]}],"nextSection":{"id":230,"original_id":null,"author_id":40,"translator_id":null,"title":"What is Custody?","slug":"what-is-custody","section":"C","keyword":"Custody","status":"published","definition":"is the process through which financial institutions hold and safeguard the financial assets of their clients in order to prevent asset fraud or loss.","content":"<p><strong>Custody is the procedure through which financial organizations keep and preserve their clients' financial assets in order to prevent asset fraud or loss.</strong> It might be seen as a protection service offered by a financial institution.</p>\n<p>The primary goal is to safeguard the cryptocurrency assets that use <strong>private keys.</strong> The private keys allow users to perform transactions and access their crypto assets. Besides, the keys are complicated to remember and have the potential to be stolen or hacked.</p>\n<p>Custody had changed from being a personal relationship to engaging with a managed institution. This evolved into a new level of financial complexity, further dividing daily life and <strong>decentralized banking. </strong>Besides, the institution that offers custody is designated as a custodian, and it gathers earnings, interest, and gains from asset sales in exchange for a fee and redistributes money according to the client's orders.</p>\n<p>Custodians are fairly essential in the financial environment, they provide advanced trading tools to advanced users.</p>\n<p>Crypto custody providers are those who hold crypto assets such as <strong>Bitcoin, Ethereum, Terra, and Cardano</strong>. They serve customers who want to maintain and protect their virtual assets in a user-friendly, protected, and regulated custodial system.</p>\n<p>Custodians can maintain assets in two forms - <strong>digital and physical</strong>. Custodial enterprises are often large banks or other reputable institutions in charge of safeguarding the assets of a large number of clients. In most situations, this refers to billions of dollars.</p>\n<p>There are different types of crypto custody alternatives though, such as self-custody, meaning having control over your crypto assets with software, hardware, or paper wallets. Exchange wallets are another option, as well as a third-party custodian.</p>\n<p>From a blockchain perspective, the services are usually offered by <strong>a third-party crypto exchange provider</strong>. The exchange keeps the secret keys of its cryptocurrency users as well as the crypto assets.</p>\n<p>The custody of cryptocurrencies is completely maintained by crypto exchanges, which deploy security technologies to protect their users' digital assets against fraud or unexpected losses. In the event of a breach or robbery, the custodian is entirely liable for repaying their customers.</p>\n<p>Important to note though that users should be cautious when utilizing cryptocurrency custodians as a way to keep virtual currencies. There is no guarantee that a major <strong>hack</strong> won’t happen to take their holdings away for good.</p>\n<p>Skilled crypto investors advise users to put virtual currencies in <strong>cold storage</strong> if they are not regularly using them or do not intend to use them in the nearish term. This is necessary to protect the funds against fraud and other harmful activities.</p>\n<p>Overall, blockchain and cryptocurrency are actively revolutionizing the financial world, and custody is essential for the growing ecosystem.</p>","level":"medium","meta_title":"What is Custody? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Custody meaning: Custody - is the process through which financial institutions hold and safeguard the financial assets of their clients in order to prevent asset fraud or loss.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-03-01T13:27:38.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-05-13T14:32:23.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-custody"},"prevSection":{"id":226,"original_id":null,"author_id":41,"translator_id":null,"title":"What is Custodian?","slug":"what-is-custodian","section":"C","keyword":"Custodian","status":"published","definition":"a business responsible for the safekeeping of financial assets in its custody on behalf of an individual or an institution.","content":"<p>A <strong>financial custodian</strong>, or a bank custodian, is a business responsible for holding the financial assets on behalf of an individual or a business in its custody. Brokerage firms, commercial banks, and similar financial institutions can play the role of financial custodians.</p>\n<p>Custodians hold <strong>physical authority over financial accounts</strong> such as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/401(k)/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>401k</strong></a>, savings, or checking. If an entity deposits funds into the account, the custodian <strong>receives the checks against the appropriate account number</strong>.</p>\n<p>Account management, foreign exchange transactions, tax assistance, payment collections, and <strong>transaction settlements</strong> are among the services provided by custodians. Clients can be charged at varying rates, depending on the service itself and its provider. In some cases, based on the value of assets in possession, clients may be charged a quarterly fee.</p>\n<p>Organizations acting as custodians are typically large-scale and hold a <strong>reputation for upkeeping the security of assets </strong>worth millions or, in some cases, billions of dollars. The role of a custodian can be taken up by both individuals and companies.</p>\n<p>A custodian is often used in the context of the entity entrusted to handle the assets of a minor until they reach adulthood. The term can also be used by <strong>investment advising companies</strong> regarding the funds that they manage for their clients.</p>\n<p>The power of attorney acts as a custodian function, allowing the entrusted party to claim the custody of assets on behalf of another party. The custodian is then able to make decisions regarding financial operations.</p>\n<p>Some of the biggest custodian organizations in the US are <strong>The Bank of New York Mellon</strong>, JPMorgan Chase, and Citigroup. Other international organizations that serve the custodian purpose are Credit Suisse in Switzerland, Deutsche Bank in Germany, and <strong>HSBC</strong> in the UK.</p>\n<p>In the context of the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-market/">crypto market</strong></a>, custodian services typically relate to institutional investors who hold a significant amount of <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-cryptocurrency/">cryptocurrency. <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-exchange/">Cryptocurrency exchange platforms</strong></a> that store <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-wallet/">wallets play the role of custodians.</p>\n<p>Due to the digital nature of cryptocurrencies, the process of holding them differs from that of physical <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-fiat/">fiat currencies</strong></a>. Banknotes are generally kept in physical locations, such as safes or <strong>wallets</strong>. Cryptocurrencies, on the other hand, are contained solely in a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-blockchain/">blockchain.
/n
Cryptocurrency holders possess keys that unlock their blockchain addresses which hold their cryptocurrency assets. Software-based <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-hot-wallet/">hot wallets</strong></strong></a> or physical <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-cold-wallet/">cold wallets</strong></a> represent the custodian of cryptocurrency. They are known as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-digital-asset-custodian/">Digital Asset Custodians</strong></a> and are secured by cryptocurrency exchange platforms.</p>\n<p><strong>Cryptocurrency custodian solutions</strong> are systems designed with enhanced security and storage functionality. The recipients of these services are typically institutional clients who have significant crypto holdings. Custodians can use a <strong>combination of hot and cold cryptocurrency storage tools</strong>.</p>\n<p>While the cryptocurrency custodian industry is relatively new, it is already seeing increasingly growing competition. Some established solution providers hold a large market share. However, new solutions are being developed and small <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-defi/">decentralized finance (DeFi)</strong></a> organizations, like BitGo and Coinbase Custody, are gaining traction.</p>","level":"medium","meta_title":"What is Custodian? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Custodian meaning: Custodian - a business responsible for the safekeeping of financial assets in its custody on behalf of an individual or an institution.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-03-01T09:31:34.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-05-13T14:32:23.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-custodian"},"currentChapter":"C","currentSection":"what-is-cypherpunk","chapterTitle":"C","readingLevel":"medium"},"url":"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-cypherpunk","version":"cdd198d50cbe5c9c21c9329d7c096ffc"}" class="container-fluid d-flex crypto-book p-0"> Crypto Terms: Letter C
What is Cypherpunk?
Cypherpunk MEANING:
Cypherpunk -
a movement focused on cryptography and privacy-focused technologies.
Let's find out Cypherpunk meaning, definition in crypto,
what is Cypherpunk,
and all other detailed facts.
Cypherpunk is an activist movement that originated in the late 1980s. It advocates for personal privacy and freedom through the use of cryptography.
Cryptography, as many new computer technologies at the time, was initially used exclusively by governmental agencies and military departments. In the 1970s, the US National Bureau of Standards (now the National Institute of Standards and Technology) and the National Security Agency (NSA) published the Data Encryption Standard algorithm, which was developed by IBM.
In 1976, Whitfield Diffie and Martin Hellman authored the New Directions in Cryptography paper. Diffie and Hellman are considered to be the pioneers of public-key cryptography.
The Cypherpunk movement came together inspired by the two publications on cryptography. In 1992, Cypherpunks established a mailing list which in two years gained 700 subscribers. By 1997, around 2000 users were part of the Cypherpunks mailing list.
The mailing list was used to talk about subjects such as computer science, cryptography, and mathematics. The Cypherpunks would also discuss the topics of politics and philosophy and question the issues related to government surveillance and corporate control. Between 1996 and 1999, roughly 30 messages would be transmitted daily.
One of the key goals for Cypherpunks was to bring their concepts of widely available cryptography to the real world. Cypherpunks worked on numerous cryptography-based applications. Their technological developments are used to this day.
Some of the projects that Cypherpunks developed or contributed to are the secure data communication program Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) and anonymous communication software Tor.
Cryptography played a massive role in the development of blockchain and cryptocurrencies. Many of the people referenced in the Bitcoin whitepaper were part of the Cypherpunks movement, and their ideas were implemented in the development of blockchain technology.
Some of the well-known names in the crypto world, such as Adam Back or Nick Szabo, are members of the Cypherpunk movement.
