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Cipher is a prominent concept in <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-cryptography/">
cryptography, the science of secure communication techniques.</p>\n<p>Cipher takes the initial text of the message, or <strong>plaintext</strong>, and transforms it into <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-ciphertext/">
ciphertext, which is coded to then be safely transmitted to the receiver. The receiver must be in possession of a key that helps decipher the ciphertext back into the original message.</p>\n<p>The sender and the receiver determine the key prior to the communication. Ciphers should be able to create a ciphertext that is nearly or completely impossible to crack without knowing the key.</p>\n<p>Prior to the development of digital technology, ciphers were done using pen and paper. There are numerous methods of manually <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-encryption/">
encrypting a message without the use of a computer. They are known as <strong>classical ciphers</strong> and can be categorized into substitution and transposition ciphers.</p>\n<p>The mid-20th century saw many developments in the field of cryptanalysis that led to the classical ciphers becoming easy to decrypt. One of the best-known examples of early electromechanical encryption devices was <strong>the Enigma machine</strong>. It played an important role in World War II up until the development of the British <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-decryption/">
decryption device which cracked the Enigma.</p>\n<p>Developments in computer science over the course of the 20th century led to the creation of new cryptography ciphers that are heavily computational. Such ciphers can only be cracked using computers.</p>\n<p><a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-cryptocurrency/">
Cryptocurrencies as a project were heavily popular among cryptography enthusiasts, known as <strong>cypherpunks</strong>. The security of cryptocurrencies is reinforced by the continuous use of cryptographic algorithms in <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-blockchain/">
blockchain networks.</p>","level":"easy","meta_title":"What is Cipher? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Cipher meaning: Cipher - an algorithm used in data encryption and decryption.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-02-22T12:14:39.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-05-13T14:32:23.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-cipher"},"prevSection":{"id":160,"original_id":null,"author_id":41,"translator_id":null,"title":"Who is Changpeng Zhao (CZ)?","slug":"who-is-changpeng-zhao-cz","section":"C","keyword":"Changpeng Zhao (CZ)","status":"published","definition":"founder of the crypto exchange Binance.","content":"<p><strong>Changpeng Zhao</strong>, also known as CZ, is a Chinese-Canadian billionaire and the founder and CEO of the crypto <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-exchange/">
exchange service Binance, which was launched in 2017.</p>\n<p>Zhao was born in 1977 in Jiangsu, China. His family moved to Canada in the late 1980s as his father, a university instructor, was exiled after being labeled a “pro-bourgeois intellect”. CZ received his degree in computer science from McGill University in Montreal, Canada.</p>\n<p>After graduating, Zhao worked for the Tokyo Stock Exchange as a software developer. He later developed software for <strong>Bloomberg Tradebook</strong>. In 2005, Zhao founded Fusion Systems in Shanghai, which was known for developing high-frequency trading systems for blockers.</p>\n<p>From 2013 onwards, CZ joined various cryptocurrency projects, such as Blockchain.info, and was CTO of cryptocurrency exchange platform OKCoin. In 2017, Zhao left OKCoin and proceeded to found his own cryptocurrency exchange platform <strong>Binance</strong>. During the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-initial-coin-offering-ico/">
initial coin offering (ICO)</strong></a>, Zhao raised $15 million.</p>\n<p>Binance became the biggest crypto exchange service based on trading volume in April 2018, fewer than 180 days from the initial launch. In early 2019, the daily trading volume reached $500 million. As of 2022, Binance remains the largest cryptocurrency exchange in the world in terms of the daily trading volume.</p>","level":"easy","meta_title":"Who is Changpeng Zhao (CZ)? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Changpeng Zhao (CZ) meaning: Changpeng Zhao (CZ) - founder of the crypto exchange Binance.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-02-22T11:53:58.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-05-13T14:32:23.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/who-is-changpeng-zhao-cz"},"currentChapter":"C","currentSection":"what-is-chargeback","chapterTitle":"C","readingLevel":"easy"},"url":"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-chargeback","version":"cdd198d50cbe5c9c21c9329d7c096ffc"}" class="container-fluid d-flex crypto-book p-0"> Crypto Terms: Letter C
What is Chargeback?
Chargeback MEANING:
Chargeback -
a protective tool that returns payers their money for a transaction, usually one done using a debit or credit card.
Let's find out Chargeback meaning, definition in crypto,
what is Chargeback,
and all other detailed facts.
Chargeback is a mechanism designed for consumer protection. If a debit or credit card is falsely charged, either as an error or with malicious intent, the customer has the right to initiate a chargeback. This can occur if, for example, the customer purchases goods or services and is charged for them but does not receive anything in return.
The card provider then sends a demand to the retailer involved in the fraudulent transaction. The transfer can then be reversed post-authorization.
For the chargeback to be initialized, the customer must dispute the original charge. The process of settlement may take several days and is not automatic.
Chargebacks may also be initiated in case of accidental duplicate charges, technical issues, or other clerical errors. Retailers and other merchants are incentivized to provide high-quality services and products and handle financial transactions carefully to avoid the risk of chargebacks.
Furthermore, chargebacks can be a protective measure against identity theft, as consumers can cancel charges if their card is used without their knowledge or consent.
There can also be instances of chargeback fraud, as users falsely attempt to initiate chargebacks on legitimate transactions. Such fraudulent acts are not possible for transactions done with decentralized cryptocurrencies. Since all crypto transactions are recorded on the blockchain and are irreversible, the data cannot be altered.
The use of cryptocurrency transactions is advantageous to merchants as they can dispute fraudulent chargeback requests and maintain business integrity.
