Ethereum&rsquo;s blockchain, was executed in October 2017, at block 4,370,000.</p>\n<p>To be exact, Byzantium <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-hard-fork-blockchain/">hard fork</strong></a> is a very important addition to Ethereum&rsquo;s blockchain. It was developed to allow speedier transactions&nbsp;and increased security on its blockchain the same time making <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-smart-contract/">smart contracts</strong></a> acceptable for business operations.</p>\n<p>In fact, Ethereum has nine EIPs-Ethereum Improvement Protocols.</p>\n<p>In blockchain development, <strong>\"forks\" are the substantial changes to the software protocol</strong>. Because hard forks do not work with earlier software versions, node operators must be up to date with the most recent version. Also, soft forks are backward-compatible, so the network stays intact when the majority of nodes switch to the new software.</p>\n<p>The Byzantium fork is trying to help smart contracts and increase the usage of Ethereum. At the same time the hard fork was released, the price of the cryptocurrency increased significantly. After that, the number of transactions on ETH outmatched those of <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/buy-bitcoin-btc/">BTC.

/n

Transactions in the Merkle tree were referenced as a root parameter. But the Byzantium hard fork upgraded this feature by implementing the transaction status communication protocol in consecutive blocks.</p>\n<p>It enabled Ethereum's network to address the lack of parallel computing in order to speed up chain construction. Additionally, it enabled the construction of continuous transaction sequences, which implies that blocks in the Byzantium hard fork can process multiple transactions while just notifying success or failure.</p>\n<p>Keeping that in mind, this particular addition makes it possible for Ethereum to complete transactions in a faster manner.</p>\n<p>The Byzantium update includes Ethereum-native programming to reduce power consumption during the implementation of <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-zk-snarks/">zk-SNARKS. To put it another way, it's zero-knowledge cryptography. The data cannot be viewed, but it can be confirmed by several parties.</p>\n<p>The use of this privacy standard in Bitcoin exchanges is increasing by the day.</p>\n<p>With the Byzantium reward, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-block-reward/">block rewards</strong></a> have been lowered from five ether per block to three ether per block. This move is in line with Ethereum's long-term objective of replacing block rewards with a Proof-of-stake protocol.</p>\n<p>Ethereum switched from <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-work-pow/">proof-of-work to <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-stake-pos/">proof-of-stake, and this protocol has been adopted by <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/goon/cardano/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Cardano</strong></a>, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/goon/dash/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Dash</strong></a>, and a number of other cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, it might help to accelerate Ethereum blockchain transactions.</p>\n<p>The eight upgrades in the Byzantium fork:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Revert opcodes.</li>\n<li>A status field for transaction receipts.</li>\n<li>A new mathematical model.</li>\n<li>Support for specific signature verifications.</li>\n<li>Support for variable values.</li>\n<li>STATICCALL opcode.</li>\n<li>Changes in the formula behind the difficulty adjustment to account for ommer blocks.</li>\n<li>Delayed the difficulty bomb encouraging miners to switch to Proof-of-Stake.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The new contracts will make sure that computation-intensive processes are done directly on the CPY instead of using the Ethereum client.</p>","level":"medium","meta_title":"What is Byzantium Fork? 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One?","featured_image_id":11310,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":3,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/ico-vs-ido","featured_image":{"id":11310,"uuid":"315e8a2b-93a1-4870-be48-a2a09d801663","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/optimized/ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/optimized/ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/original/ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","name":"ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","original_name":"ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":1024,"height":576,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"64.39KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"what-is-an-airdrop","title":"What are Crypto Airdrops and How to Get 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Pulls?","featured_image_id":6555,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":10,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls-in-crypto","featured_image":{"id":6555,"uuid":"80cbed9d-3b4b-45d9-9a85-d2d8108c0f32","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.o.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.o.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.jpg","name":"how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.o.jpg","original_name":"how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":768,"height":478,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"111.99KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes","title":"The Key Legal Techniques of Avoiding Crypto Taxes","featured_image_id":6526,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":11,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes","featured_image":{"id":6526,"uuid":"1e44162c-ef1d-4010-81b4-9e8d1809aedf","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes.o.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes.o.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes.jpg","name":"how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes.o.jpg","original_name":"how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":768,"height":478,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"99.10KB"},"youtube_video":null}]},{"id":8,"title":"Crypto Analysis","slug":"crypto-analysis","updated":null,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/learn-crypto-analysis.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-analysis-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"slug":"what-is-bullish-and-bearish","title":"Bearish and Bullish Markets: Do They Matter?","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":1,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/what-is-bullish-and-bearish","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"best-technical-analysis-indicators-for-crypto","title":"5 Best Crypto Technical Analysis Indicators You Must Know 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Tokens?","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":4,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-track-new-crypto-coins","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-research-crypto","title":"Crypto Research Fundamentals & Social Signals: Your Daily Trading Strategy","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":5,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-research-crypto","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null}]},{"id":9,"title":"Mining","slug":"mining","updated":false,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/learn-crypto-mining.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-mining-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[]},{"id":10,"title":"Crypto Terms","updated":false,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/crypto-101-glossary.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-glossary-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z"]}],"nextSection":{"id":847,"original_id":null,"author_id":42,"translator_id":null,"title":"What is Blake-256?","slug":"what-is-blake-256","section":"B","keyword":"Blake-256","status":"published","definition":"a hash algorithm used in Decred.","content":"<p><strong>Blake-256</strong> is a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-hash-function/">hash algorithm</strong></a> that was created by Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Luca Henzen, Willi Meier, and <strong>Raphael C.-W. Phan</strong> and is used in Decred. The Blake-256 algorithm was designed to run as fast as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>SHA-1</strong></a> on 64-bit processors and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>MD5</strong></a> on 32-bit processors. Blake is based on a variant of the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salsa20/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Salsa20 stream cipher</strong></a> called <strong>ChaCha</strong>. However, Blake&rsquo;s internal state (1600 bits) is larger than Salsa20&rsquo;s (256 bits).</p>\n<p>The way that Blake works can be described in steps:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>message</strong> is initially divided into <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-block/">blocks, each of which is hashed separately (the last block is padded to a full block length).</li>\n<li>Each block is passed through a 512-bit internal state that is operated by an internal compression function (32 rows and 16 columns).</li>\n<li><a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOR_gate/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>XOR</strong></a> is used to combine the output of the compression function with the starting state, and then a linear transformation is used to permute it.</li>\n<li>After that, the final state is split into two 512-bit halves and <strong>XORed together to create the final version</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>A great technique of decreasing a hash value is to XOR it with a constant value, which on some architectures can result in <strong>more efficient computing</strong>. This notion is heavily used in the Blake-256 hashing method. Besides, this does not result in a major decrease in security, and it does speed up the algorithm's processing time.</p>\n<p>The Blake hashing algorithm creates two distinct hash functions that are combined to create a 512-bit hash value (64 bytes).</p>\n<p>Blake is an <strong>iterative hash function</strong> that increases security against collisions and preimage attacks by using randomization. Though it uses the same amount of resources as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>SHA-2 </strong></a>(but a smaller amount than MD5) to do that.</p>\n<p>The <strong>main features of Blake</strong> include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fast Hashing. Blake is definitely one of the fastest cryptographic hash functions there is. In terms of speed, it even surpasses <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Corporation/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Whirlpool</strong></a>, which is the most widely used cryptographic hash function in the industry.</li>\n<li>Stream Cipher. This feature enables a program to <strong>hash any quantity of data without having to wait for all of it to be read</strong>. Besides, it enables the usage of such applications as file hashing utilities.</li>\n<li>Security. Since it has a larger internal state (1024 bits) it is definitely more secure than SHA-2, which has <strong>a half smaller internal state (512 bits)</strong>.</li>\n</ul>","level":"medium","meta_title":"What is Blake-256? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Blake-256 meaning: Blake-256 - a hash algorithm used in Decred.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-04-05T13:13:07.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-05-13T14:32:24.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-blake-256"},"prevSection":{"id":138,"original_id":null,"author_id":40,"translator_id":null,"title":"What is Byzantine Generals’ Problem?","slug":"what-is-byzantine-generals-problem","section":"B","keyword":"Byzantine Generals’ Problem","status":"published","definition":"The Byzantine Generals' Problem refers to the difficulty that decentralized systems have in reaching a single truth.","content":"<p>Researchers from the SRI International Research Institute suggested the problem back in 1982. &nbsp;<strong>Moreover, the Byzantine Generals&rsquo; Problem refers to the hardship decentralized systems have in agreeing on a single truth. </strong>Also, a question appears whether it is achievable to create harmony in a computer network made of geographically arranged nodes.</p>\n<p>On purpose or by accident nodes can equip flawed data about transactions, and it has to be sorted out. <strong><a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-stake-pos/">Proof-of-stake and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-work-pow/">proof-of-work algorithms</strong> are used by the most well-known cryptocurrencies such as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/buy-bitcoin-btc/">Bitcoin and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/buy-ethereum-eth/">Ethereum to solve this issue.</p>\n<p>To put things into perspective, there are several Byzantine generals that surround the city, nevertheless, they can only interact with one another by <strong>messaging.</strong> Generals have to decide whether they will retreat or attack. However, there are <strong>unidentified traitors among these generals and they are constantly taking action against forming a general agreement</strong>.</p>\n<p>As a result, there is <strong>confusion</strong> over which decision-making process the generals should choose to use in order to develop an ordinary strategy without being influenced by the traitor's actions. Nonetheless, it is unknown if such an algorithm exists at all.</p>\n<p>Worth adding that only <strong>decentralized</strong> systems encounter the Byzantine Generals&rsquo; Problem since they are the ones that <strong>aren&rsquo;t able to authenticate the information they get from other network users.</strong></p>\n<p>Besides, the problem is closely related to <strong>cryptocurrencies,</strong> since they are the \"generals\" who must agree on which transactions occurred and when.</p>\n<p>As reported by the researchers' investigation, an algorithm that should be adopted by generals is attainable. But there is a necessity that the number of loyal generals needs to be far bigger than the number of those who aren't. In reality, even if there are five generals and one of them is a traitor, an agreement can still be obtained.</p>","level":"easy","meta_title":"What is Byzantine Generals’ Problem? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Byzantine Generals’ Problem meaning: Byzantine Generals’ Problem - The Byzantine Generals' Problem refers to the difficulty that decentralized systems have in reaching a single truth.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-02-18T14:48:08.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-05-13T14:32:23.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-byzantine-generals-problem"},"currentChapter":"B","currentSection":"what-is-byzantium-fork","chapterTitle":"B","readingLevel":"medium"},"url":"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-byzantium-fork","version":"cdd198d50cbe5c9c21c9329d7c096ffc"}" class="container-fluid d-flex crypto-book p-0">

Handbook Cover Page
Crypto Terms: Letter B

What is Byzantium Fork?

Byzantium Fork MEANING:
Byzantium Fork - is a blockchain update that improves security, privacy, and scalability.
Medium
2 minutes

Let's find out Byzantium Fork meaning, definition in crypto, what is Byzantium Fork, and all other detailed facts.

The Byzantium fork is an upgrade to Ethereum’s blockchain, was executed in October 2017, at block 4,370,000.

To be exact, Byzantium hard fork is a very important addition to Ethereum’s blockchain. It was developed to allow speedier transactions and increased security on its blockchain the same time making smart contracts acceptable for business operations.

In fact, Ethereum has nine EIPs-Ethereum Improvement Protocols.

In blockchain development, "forks" are the substantial changes to the software protocol. Because hard forks do not work with earlier software versions, node operators must be up to date with the most recent version. Also, soft forks are backward-compatible, so the network stays intact when the majority of nodes switch to the new software.

The Byzantium fork is trying to help smart contracts and increase the usage of Ethereum. At the same time the hard fork was released, the price of the cryptocurrency increased significantly. After that, the number of transactions on ETH outmatched those of BTC.

Transactions in the Merkle tree were referenced as a root parameter. But the Byzantium hard fork upgraded this feature by implementing the transaction status communication protocol in consecutive blocks.

It enabled Ethereum's network to address the lack of parallel computing in order to speed up chain construction. Additionally, it enabled the construction of continuous transaction sequences, which implies that blocks in the Byzantium hard fork can process multiple transactions while just notifying success or failure.

Keeping that in mind, this particular addition makes it possible for Ethereum to complete transactions in a faster manner.

The Byzantium update includes Ethereum-native programming to reduce power consumption during the implementation of zk-SNARKS. To put it another way, it's zero-knowledge cryptography. The data cannot be viewed, but it can be confirmed by several parties.

The use of this privacy standard in Bitcoin exchanges is increasing by the day.

With the Byzantium reward, block rewards have been lowered from five ether per block to three ether per block. This move is in line with Ethereum's long-term objective of replacing block rewards with a Proof-of-stake protocol.

Ethereum switched from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake, and this protocol has been adopted by Cardano, Dash, and a number of other cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, it might help to accelerate Ethereum blockchain transactions.

The eight upgrades in the Byzantium fork:

  • Revert opcodes.
  • A status field for transaction receipts.
  • A new mathematical model.
  • Support for specific signature verifications.
  • Support for variable values.
  • STATICCALL opcode.
  • Changes in the formula behind the difficulty adjustment to account for ommer blocks.
  • Delayed the difficulty bomb encouraging miners to switch to Proof-of-Stake.

The new contracts will make sure that computation-intensive processes are done directly on the CPY instead of using the Ethereum client.
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