Proof-of-stake and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-work-pow/">proof-of-work algorithms</strong> are used by the most well-known cryptocurrencies such as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/buy-bitcoin-btc/">
Bitcoin and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/buy-ethereum-eth/">
Ethereum to solve this issue.</p>\n<p>To put things into perspective, there are several Byzantine generals that surround the city, nevertheless, they can only interact with one another by <strong>messaging.</strong> Generals have to decide whether they will retreat or attack. However, there are <strong>unidentified traitors among these generals and they are constantly taking action against forming a general agreement</strong>.</p>\n<p>As a result, there is <strong>confusion</strong> over which decision-making process the generals should choose to use in order to develop an ordinary strategy without being influenced by the traitor's actions. Nonetheless, it is unknown if such an algorithm exists at all.</p>\n<p>Worth adding that only <strong>decentralized</strong> systems encounter the Byzantine Generals’ Problem since they are the ones that <strong>aren’t able to authenticate the information they get from other network users.</strong></p>\n<p>Besides, the problem is closely related to <strong>cryptocurrencies,</strong> since they are the \"generals\" who must agree on which transactions occurred and when.</p>\n<p>As reported by the researchers' investigation, an algorithm that should be adopted by generals is attainable. But there is a necessity that the number of loyal generals needs to be far bigger than the number of those who aren't. In reality, even if there are five generals and one of them is a traitor, an agreement can still be obtained.</p>","level":"easy","meta_title":"What is Byzantine Generals’ Problem? 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Cryptocurrencies?","featured_image_id":10342,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":1,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/where-to-trade-crypto","featured_image":{"id":10342,"uuid":"0bd8d78a-9423-48ee-9161-34dc1872b97c","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/optimized/where-to-trade-crypto-featured-image.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/optimized/where-to-trade-crypto-featured-image.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/original/where-to-trade-crypto-featured-image.jpg","name":"where-to-trade-crypto-featured-image.jpg","original_name":"where-to-trade-crypto-featured-image.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":1024,"height":576,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"85.96KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-invest-in-crypto","title":"Investing in Crypto: What Investing Options Do You Have?","featured_image_id":10729,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":2,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-invest-in-crypto","featured_image":{"id":10729,"uuid":"3439a1db-9892-404a-b4b6-a1db5a34bca4","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/optimized/how-to-invest-in-crypto-featured-image.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/optimized/how-to-invest-in-crypto-featured-image.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/original/how-to-invest-in-crypto-featured-image.jpg","name":"how-to-invest-in-crypto-featured-image.jpg","original_name":"how-to-invest-in-crypto-featured-image.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":1024,"height":576,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"75.22KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"ico-vs-ido","title":"ICO vs IDO vs IEO: Which One is the One?","featured_image_id":11310,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":3,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/ico-vs-ido","featured_image":{"id":11310,"uuid":"315e8a2b-93a1-4870-be48-a2a09d801663","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/optimized/ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/optimized/ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/original/ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","name":"ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","original_name":"ico-vs-ido-featured-image.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":1024,"height":576,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"64.39KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"what-is-an-airdrop","title":"What are Crypto Airdrops and How to Get Them?","featured_image_id":11359,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":4,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/what-is-an-airdrop","featured_image":{"id":11359,"uuid":"7b43c968-1275-4d3e-acb1-1707a43a4014","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/optimized/what-is-an-airdrop-featured-image.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/optimized/what-is-an-airdrop-featured-image.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/original/what-is-an-airdrop-featured-image.jpg","name":"what-is-an-airdrop-featured-image.jpg","original_name":"what-is-an-airdrop-featured-image.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":1024,"height":576,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"66.05KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-get-free-crypto","title":"How to Get Free Crypto Assets?","featured_image_id":6542,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":5,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-get-free-crypto","featured_image":{"id":6542,"uuid":"4fceb9ab-391e-4ef9-b00d-c871a49878a3","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/media/how-to-get-free-crypto.o.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-get-free-crypto.o.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-get-free-crypto.jpg","name":"how-to-get-free-crypto.o.jpg","original_name":"how-to-get-free-crypto.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":768,"height":478,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"93.93KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-arbitrage-crypto","title":"What is Crypto Arbitrage: The Main 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Crypto?","featured_image_id":11394,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":7,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/what-is-fud","featured_image":{"id":11394,"uuid":"defd32c5-d3e1-4e66-9f58-e2ee316bad3a","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/optimized/what-is-fud-featured-image.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/optimized/what-is-fud-featured-image.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/original/what-is-fud-featured-image.jpg","name":"what-is-fud-featured-image.jpg","original_name":"what-is-fud-featured-image.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":1024,"height":576,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"65.30KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"investing-in-cryptocurrency","title":"Investing in Cryptocurrency: How to Manage Your Risks?","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":8,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/investing-in-cryptocurrency","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"what-is-a-rug-pull-in-crypto","title":"What is a Rug Pull in 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Pulls?","featured_image_id":6555,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":10,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls-in-crypto","featured_image":{"id":6555,"uuid":"80cbed9d-3b4b-45d9-9a85-d2d8108c0f32","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.o.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.o.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.jpg","name":"how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.o.jpg","original_name":"how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":768,"height":478,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"111.99KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes","title":"The Key Legal Techniques of Avoiding Crypto 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Analysis","slug":"crypto-analysis","updated":null,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/learn-crypto-analysis.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-analysis-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"slug":"what-is-bullish-and-bearish","title":"Bearish and Bullish Markets: Do They Matter?","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":1,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/what-is-bullish-and-bearish","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"best-technical-analysis-indicators-for-crypto","title":"5 Best Crypto Technical Analysis Indicators You Must Know About","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":2,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/best-technical-analysis-indicators-for-crypto","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"what-is-candlesticks","title":"Technical Analysis: What are Candlesticks, Trendlines, and Patterns?","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":3,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/what-is-candlesticks","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-track-new-crypto-coins","title":"Crypto Tracking: How to Track Your Favorite Coins & Tokens?","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":4,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-track-new-crypto-coins","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-research-crypto","title":"Crypto Research Fundamentals & Social Signals: Your Daily Trading Strategy","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":5,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-research-crypto","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null}]},{"id":9,"title":"Mining","slug":"mining","updated":false,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/learn-crypto-mining.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-mining-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[]},{"id":10,"title":"Crypto Terms","updated":false,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/crypto-101-glossary.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-glossary-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z"]}],"nextSection":{"id":139,"original_id":null,"author_id":40,"translator_id":null,"title":"What is Byzantium Fork?","slug":"what-is-byzantium-fork","section":"B","keyword":"Byzantium Fork","status":"published","definition":"is a blockchain update that improves security, privacy, and scalability.","content":"<p>The Byzantium fork is an upgrade to <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/buy-ethereum-eth/">
Ethereum’s blockchain, was executed in October 2017, at block 4,370,000.</p>\n<p>To be exact, Byzantium <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-hard-fork-blockchain/">
hard fork</strong></a> is a very important addition to Ethereum’s blockchain. It was developed to allow speedier transactions and increased security on its blockchain the same time making <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-smart-contract/">smart contracts</strong></a> acceptable for business operations.</p>\n<p>In fact, Ethereum has nine EIPs-Ethereum Improvement Protocols.</p>\n<p>In blockchain development, <strong>\"forks\" are the substantial changes to the software protocol</strong>. Because hard forks do not work with earlier software versions, node operators must be up to date with the most recent version. Also, soft forks are backward-compatible, so the network stays intact when the majority of nodes switch to the new software.</p>\n<p>The Byzantium fork is trying to help smart contracts and increase the usage of Ethereum. At the same time the hard fork was released, the price of the cryptocurrency increased significantly. After that, the number of transactions on ETH outmatched those of <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/buy-bitcoin-btc/">BTC./nTransactions in the Merkle tree were referenced as a root parameter. But the Byzantium hard fork upgraded this feature by implementing the transaction status communication protocol in consecutive blocks.</p>\n<p>It enabled Ethereum's network to address the lack of parallel computing in order to speed up chain construction. Additionally, it enabled the construction of continuous transaction sequences, which implies that blocks in the Byzantium hard fork can process multiple transactions while just notifying success or failure.</p>\n<p>Keeping that in mind, this particular addition makes it possible for Ethereum to complete transactions in a faster manner.</p>\n<p>The Byzantium update includes Ethereum-native programming to reduce power consumption during the implementation of <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-zk-snarks/">zk-SNARKS. To put it another way, it's zero-knowledge cryptography. The data cannot be viewed, but it can be confirmed by several parties.</p>\n<p>The use of this privacy standard in Bitcoin exchanges is increasing by the day.</p>\n<p>With the Byzantium reward, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-block-reward/">block rewards</strong></a> have been lowered from five ether per block to three ether per block. This move is in line with Ethereum's long-term objective of replacing block rewards with a Proof-of-stake protocol.</p>\n<p>Ethereum switched from <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-work-pow/">proof-of-work to <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-stake-pos/">proof-of-stake, and this protocol has been adopted by <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/goon/cardano/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Cardano</strong></a>, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/goon/dash/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Dash</strong></a>, and a number of other cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, it might help to accelerate Ethereum blockchain transactions.</p>\n<p>The eight upgrades in the Byzantium fork:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Revert opcodes.</li>\n<li>A status field for transaction receipts.</li>\n<li>A new mathematical model.</li>\n<li>Support for specific signature verifications.</li>\n<li>Support for variable values.</li>\n<li>STATICCALL opcode.</li>\n<li>Changes in the formula behind the difficulty adjustment to account for ommer blocks.</li>\n<li>Delayed the difficulty bomb encouraging miners to switch to Proof-of-Stake.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The new contracts will make sure that computation-intensive processes are done directly on the CPY instead of using the Ethereum client.</p>","level":"medium","meta_title":"What is Byzantium Fork? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Byzantium Fork meaning: Byzantium Fork - is a blockchain update that improves security, privacy, and scalability.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-02-18T14:51:57.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-05-13T14:32:23.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-byzantium-fork"},"prevSection":{"id":137,"original_id":null,"author_id":40,"translator_id":null,"title":"What is Buy Wall?","slug":"what-is-buy-wall","section":"B","keyword":"Buy Wall","status":"published","definition":"occurs when a massive limit order is placed to purchase when the price of a cryptocurrency hits a specific level.","content":"<p><strong>A buy wall is an outcome of purchasing one big order or a mixture of several large orders that are classified at the same price in the order book of a specific market.</strong> The order book contains a list of buy and sells orders put in by traders.</p>\n<p>Speaking of <strong>cryptocurrency exchanges</strong>, trading is executed by using an order book in which buyers place their buying bids, and sellers place their asks. To specify, buying walls helps to avoid market price downfall by developing a huge amount of orders at the same price. This essentially needs large amounts of money to be done.</p>\n<p>By placing a buy wall users are able to <strong>manipulate</strong> the price. A <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-whale/">whale who keeps a big amount of a specific cryptocurrency in his <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-wallet/">wallet can get worried about the reputation of their asset. As a result, they might purchase more coins and strengthen the price. This way, the asset will seem to be more vigorous than it really is.</p>\n<p>A buy wall occurs when <strong>a massive limit order is placed to purchase at the same time the price of a cryptocurrency hits a specific level</strong>. Traders use this to create confidence in the market. Also, to prevent a cryptocurrency from going below that value since demand will almost certainly surpass the supply when the order is fulfilled.</p>\n<p>However, there isn’t any logical reason for sellers to offload their assets at a price that is lower than what the already existing unfulfilled buy wall offers to purchase. Besides, buy walls can be created for different reasons.</p>","level":"easy","meta_title":"What is Buy Wall? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Buy Wall meaning: Buy Wall - occurs when a massive limit order is placed to purchase when the price of a cryptocurrency hits a specific level.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-02-18T14:44:56.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-05-13T14:32:23.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-buy-wall"},"currentChapter":"B","currentSection":"what-is-byzantine-generals-problem","chapterTitle":"B","readingLevel":"easy"},"url":"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-byzantine-generals-problem","version":"cdd198d50cbe5c9c21c9329d7c096ffc"}" class="container-fluid d-flex crypto-book p-0"> Crypto Terms: Letter B
What is Byzantine Generals’ Problem?
Byzantine Generals’ Problem MEANING:
Byzantine Generals’ Problem -
The Byzantine Generals' Problem refers to the difficulty that decentralized systems have in reaching a single truth.
Let's find out Byzantine Generals’ Problem meaning, definition in crypto,
what is Byzantine Generals’ Problem,
and all other detailed facts.
Researchers from the SRI International Research Institute suggested the problem back in 1982. Moreover, the Byzantine Generals’ Problem refers to the hardship decentralized systems have in agreeing on a single truth. Also, a question appears whether it is achievable to create harmony in a computer network made of geographically arranged nodes.
On purpose or by accident nodes can equip flawed data about transactions, and it has to be sorted out. Proof-of-stake and proof-of-work algorithms are used by the most well-known cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ethereum to solve this issue.
To put things into perspective, there are several Byzantine generals that surround the city, nevertheless, they can only interact with one another by messaging. Generals have to decide whether they will retreat or attack. However, there are unidentified traitors among these generals and they are constantly taking action against forming a general agreement.
As a result, there is confusion over which decision-making process the generals should choose to use in order to develop an ordinary strategy without being influenced by the traitor's actions. Nonetheless, it is unknown if such an algorithm exists at all.
Worth adding that only decentralized systems encounter the Byzantine Generals’ Problem since they are the ones that aren’t able to authenticate the information they get from other network users.
Besides, the problem is closely related to cryptocurrencies, since they are the "generals" who must agree on which transactions occurred and when.
As reported by the researchers' investigation, an algorithm that should be adopted by generals is attainable. But there is a necessity that the number of loyal generals needs to be far bigger than the number of those who aren't. In reality, even if there are five generals and one of them is a traitor, an agreement can still be obtained.
