hash algorithm</strong></a> that was created by Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Luca Henzen, Willi Meier, and <strong>Raphael C.-W. Phan</strong> and is used in Decred. The Blake-256 algorithm was designed to run as fast as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-1/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>SHA-1</strong></a> on 64-bit processors and <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MD5/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>MD5</strong></a> on 32-bit processors. Blake is based on a variant of the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salsa20/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Salsa20 stream cipher</strong></a> called <strong>ChaCha</strong>. However, Blake&rsquo;s internal state (1600 bits) is larger than Salsa20&rsquo;s (256 bits).</p>\n<p>The way that Blake works can be described in steps:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>The <strong>message</strong> is initially divided into <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-block/">blocks, each of which is hashed separately (the last block is padded to a full block length).</li>\n<li>Each block is passed through a 512-bit internal state that is operated by an internal compression function (32 rows and 16 columns).</li>\n<li><a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XOR_gate/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>XOR</strong></a> is used to combine the output of the compression function with the starting state, and then a linear transformation is used to permute it.</li>\n<li>After that, the final state is split into two 512-bit halves and <strong>XORed together to create the final version</strong>.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>A great technique of decreasing a hash value is to XOR it with a constant value, which on some architectures can result in <strong>more efficient computing</strong>. This notion is heavily used in the Blake-256 hashing method. Besides, this does not result in a major decrease in security, and it does speed up the algorithm's processing time.</p>\n<p>The Blake hashing algorithm creates two distinct hash functions that are combined to create a 512-bit hash value (64 bytes).</p>\n<p>Blake is an <strong>iterative hash function</strong> that increases security against collisions and preimage attacks by using randomization. Though it uses the same amount of resources as <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHA-2/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>SHA-2 </strong></a>(but a smaller amount than MD5) to do that.</p>\n<p>The <strong>main features of Blake</strong> include:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fast Hashing. Blake is definitely one of the fastest cryptographic hash functions there is. In terms of speed, it even surpasses <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whirlpool_Corporation/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Whirlpool</strong></a>, which is the most widely used cryptographic hash function in the industry.</li>\n<li>Stream Cipher. This feature enables a program to <strong>hash any quantity of data without having to wait for all of it to be read</strong>. Besides, it enables the usage of such applications as file hashing utilities.</li>\n<li>Security. Since it has a larger internal state (1024 bits) it is definitely more secure than SHA-2, which has <strong>a half smaller internal state (512 bits)</strong>.</li>\n</ul>","level":"medium","meta_title":"What is Blake-256? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Blake-256 meaning: Blake-256 - a hash algorithm used in Decred.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-04-05T13:13:07.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-05-13T14:32:24.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-blake-256"},"readingTime":2,"chapterList":[{"id":1,"title":"Blockchain","slug":"blockchain","updated":null,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/learn-blockchain.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/blockchain-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"slug":"what-is-blockchain","title":"What is the 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Assets?","featured_image_id":6542,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":5,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-get-free-crypto","featured_image":{"id":6542,"uuid":"4fceb9ab-391e-4ef9-b00d-c871a49878a3","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/media/how-to-get-free-crypto.o.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-get-free-crypto.o.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-get-free-crypto.jpg","name":"how-to-get-free-crypto.o.jpg","original_name":"how-to-get-free-crypto.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":768,"height":478,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"93.93KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-arbitrage-crypto","title":"What is Crypto Arbitrage: The Main 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Pulls?","featured_image_id":6555,"status":"published","chapter_id":7,"language":"en","order":10,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls-in-crypto","featured_image":{"id":6555,"uuid":"80cbed9d-3b4b-45d9-9a85-d2d8108c0f32","public_url":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.o.jpg","path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.o.jpg","original_path":"crypto/storage/media/how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.jpg","name":"how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.o.jpg","original_name":"how-to-avoid-rug-pulls.jpg","title":null,"alt":null,"width":768,"height":478,"disk":"spaces","status":"uploaded","readable_file_size":"111.99KB"},"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-avoid-crypto-taxes","title":"The Key Legal Techniques of Avoiding Crypto 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Analysis","slug":"crypto-analysis","updated":null,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/learn-crypto-analysis.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-analysis-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":[{"slug":"what-is-bullish-and-bearish","title":"Bearish and Bullish Markets: Do They Matter?","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":1,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/what-is-bullish-and-bearish","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"best-technical-analysis-indicators-for-crypto","title":"5 Best Crypto Technical Analysis Indicators You Must Know About","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":2,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/best-technical-analysis-indicators-for-crypto","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"what-is-candlesticks","title":"Technical Analysis: What are Candlesticks, Trendlines, and Patterns?","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":3,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/what-is-candlesticks","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-track-new-crypto-coins","title":"Crypto Tracking: How to Track Your Favorite Coins & Tokens?","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":4,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-track-new-crypto-coins","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null},{"slug":"how-to-research-crypto","title":"Crypto Research Fundamentals & Social Signals: Your Daily Trading Strategy","featured_image_id":null,"status":"published","chapter_id":8,"language":"en","order":5,"modified_content":null,"preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/how-to-research-crypto","featured_image":null,"youtube_video":null}]},{"id":9,"title":"Mining","slug":"mining","updated":false,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/learn-crypto-mining.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-mining-101.jpg","rating":80,"sections":[]},{"id":10,"title":"Crypto Terms","updated":false,"chapter":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters/crypto-101-glossary.jpg","chapter_simple":"https://assets.bitdegree.org/crypto/assets/crypto-book/chapters-simple/crypto-glossary-101.jpg","rating":100,"sections":["A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z"]}],"nextSection":{"id":849,"original_id":null,"author_id":40,"translator_id":null,"title":"What is Bear Market?","slug":"what-is-bear-market","section":"B","keyword":"Bear Market","status":"published","definition":"a market in which prices have fallen by 20% or more since their previous peak.","content":"<p>The term &ldquo;bear market&rdquo; is named after the way a bear attacks its prey by swiping its paws downward.</p>\n<p><strong>Bear markets are often associated with a loss in an entire market or index</strong>, however, individual stocks or items can also be deemed to be in a bear market if they undergo a 20% or more decline over a prolonged duration.</p>\n<p>Bear markets happen occasionally. Nowadays, the economy is able to recover fast because a bear market typically fixes itself. Looking back in time, Wall Street has faced 13 bear markets since WWII, every five or six years, and every one of them lasted a bit over a year. Overall, bear markets can last several years or only a few weeks.</p>\n<p>Nonetheless, even if a bear market corrects itself, <strong>a recession can still occur if stock prices continue to fall</strong>. A recession occurs when the economy stops increasing for an extended period of time (usually two quarters or more of negative economic growth).</p>\n<p>Talking about bear markets in the crypto world, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/buy-bitcoin-btc/">Bitcoin experienced a major drop from approximately $20,000 to just over $3,000 in December 2017. This was <strong>the most well-known crypto crash</strong> in history.</p>\n<h2>Examples of the Most Well-Known Bear Markets</h2>\n<p>There are several examples of bear markets that took place over the years. Here are a few of them.</p>\n<h3>The Great Depression</h3>\n<p>In 1929, the Great Depression started, and it is now seen as one of the lengthiest and harshest economic slumps. It was only in the late 1930s that the global economy started to recover.</p>\n<p>There are people that believe that the 1929 U.S. stock market downturn was the most significant, nevertheless, others point out that it might have been an outcome rather than a cause.</p>\n<p>The thought that the market would continue to rise and people would take part was what caused the overall fall in the first place.</p>\n<p>The 1929 Wall Street Crash was a dramatic and sudden collapse in stock prices on the New York Stock Exchange. This was accompanied by the London Stock Exchange Crash, which marked the beginning of the Great Depression. It was accompanied by the \"Roaring Twenties,\" an era of luxury before World War I.</p>\n<h3>The Dot-Com Bubble</h3>\n<p>Google, Amazon, and Yahoo! were a few of the new tech organizations that quickly expanded as the internet&rsquo;s adaptation throughout the world drove the market expansion in the late 1990s.</p>\n<p>In this sense, the <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-sandp-500-standard-and-poors-500/">S&amp;P 500</strong></a> climbed by almost 400 percent before falling by 49% in March 2000. Prices could no longer be rationalized since they had become so high as a result of over-speculation and strong market sentiment. Simultaneously, investors continued to invest money into dot-com stocks, and supply began to overwhelm demand.</p>\n<p>Companies were able to get investors to undertake ineffective operations despite the fact that they lacked a clear approach.</p>\n<h3>The Financial Crisis</h3>\n<p>Due to the risk-taking of financial markets and the housing crisis, the global financial crisis that occurred in 2007-2008 was the biggest bear market since the Great Depression. The collapse occurred in September of 2008, at the same time as Lehman Brothers filed for bankruptcy, initiating the global financial crisis.</p>\n<p>As a result of these events, the S&amp;P 500 lost about half of its value, nevertheless, the market began to climb again in 2009 and began a <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-bull-market/">bull market</strong></a> that continued until February 2020.</p>\n<h2>Bear Market VS Market Correction VS Pullback</h2>\n<p>To better understand the differences, keep in mind that a bear market happens when prices fall by 20% or even more, and this can last from years to a few weeks. Also, when the investors lose confidence in the market, they begin to leave. This leads to trading activity decreases because a number of investors would sell their assets to protect themselves from losses.</p>\n<p><strong>M</strong><strong>arket correction</strong>, on the other hand, takes place when prices fall by 10% to 20% and can linger for two to four months. This time period is very volatile, and it has the potential to drive investors to fear a bear market and sell.</p>\n<p><strong>Pullback</strong> occurs when the price falls by 5% to 10%, although it is short-termed, lasting a few days or weeks. It's similar to going through a typical period of adjustment.</p>","level":"hard","meta_title":"What is Bear Market? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Bear Market meaning: Bear Market - is defined as a market in which prices have fallen by 20% or more since their previous peak.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-04-05T13:27:22.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-10-12T07:21:09.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-bear-market"},"prevSection":{"id":139,"original_id":null,"author_id":40,"translator_id":null,"title":"What is Byzantium Fork?","slug":"what-is-byzantium-fork","section":"B","keyword":"Byzantium Fork","status":"published","definition":"is a blockchain update that improves security, privacy, and scalability.","content":"<p>The Byzantium fork is an upgrade to <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/buy-ethereum-eth/">Ethereum&rsquo;s blockchain, was executed in October 2017, at block 4,370,000.</p>\n<p>To be exact, Byzantium <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-hard-fork-blockchain/">hard fork</strong></a> is a very important addition to Ethereum&rsquo;s blockchain. It was developed to allow speedier transactions&nbsp;and increased security on its blockchain the same time making <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-smart-contract/">smart contracts</strong></a> acceptable for business operations.</p>\n<p>In fact, Ethereum has nine EIPs-Ethereum Improvement Protocols.</p>\n<p>In blockchain development, <strong>\"forks\" are the substantial changes to the software protocol</strong>. Because hard forks do not work with earlier software versions, node operators must be up to date with the most recent version. Also, soft forks are backward-compatible, so the network stays intact when the majority of nodes switch to the new software.</p>\n<p>The Byzantium fork is trying to help smart contracts and increase the usage of Ethereum. At the same time the hard fork was released, the price of the cryptocurrency increased significantly. After that, the number of transactions on ETH outmatched those of <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/buy-bitcoin-btc/">BTC.

/n

Transactions in the Merkle tree were referenced as a root parameter. But the Byzantium hard fork upgraded this feature by implementing the transaction status communication protocol in consecutive blocks.</p>\n<p>It enabled Ethereum's network to address the lack of parallel computing in order to speed up chain construction. Additionally, it enabled the construction of continuous transaction sequences, which implies that blocks in the Byzantium hard fork can process multiple transactions while just notifying success or failure.</p>\n<p>Keeping that in mind, this particular addition makes it possible for Ethereum to complete transactions in a faster manner.</p>\n<p>The Byzantium update includes Ethereum-native programming to reduce power consumption during the implementation of <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-zk-snarks/">zk-SNARKS. To put it another way, it's zero-knowledge cryptography. The data cannot be viewed, but it can be confirmed by several parties.</p>\n<p>The use of this privacy standard in Bitcoin exchanges is increasing by the day.</p>\n<p>With the Byzantium reward, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-block-reward/">block rewards</strong></a> have been lowered from five ether per block to three ether per block. This move is in line with Ethereum's long-term objective of replacing block rewards with a Proof-of-stake protocol.</p>\n<p>Ethereum switched from <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-work-pow/">proof-of-work to <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-proof-of-stake-pos/">proof-of-stake, and this protocol has been adopted by <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/goon/cardano/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Cardano</strong></a>, <a href=https://www.bitdegree.org/"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/goon/dash/" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noindex noopener\"><strong>Dash</strong></a>, and a number of other cryptocurrencies. Furthermore, it might help to accelerate Ethereum blockchain transactions.</p>\n<p>The eight upgrades in the Byzantium fork:</p>\n<ul>\n<li>Revert opcodes.</li>\n<li>A status field for transaction receipts.</li>\n<li>A new mathematical model.</li>\n<li>Support for specific signature verifications.</li>\n<li>Support for variable values.</li>\n<li>STATICCALL opcode.</li>\n<li>Changes in the formula behind the difficulty adjustment to account for ommer blocks.</li>\n<li>Delayed the difficulty bomb encouraging miners to switch to Proof-of-Stake.</li>\n</ul>\n<p>The new contracts will make sure that computation-intensive processes are done directly on the CPY instead of using the Ethereum client.</p>","level":"medium","meta_title":"What is Byzantium Fork? Definition & Meaning | Crypto Wiki","meta_description":"Byzantium Fork meaning: Byzantium Fork - is a blockchain update that improves security, privacy, and scalability.","meta_keywords":null,"language":"en","created_at":"2022-02-18T14:51:57.000000Z","updated_at":"2022-05-13T14:32:23.000000Z","preview_url":"https://www.bitdegree.org/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-byzantium-fork"},"currentChapter":"B","currentSection":"what-is-blake-256","chapterTitle":"B","readingLevel":"medium"},"url":"/crypto/learn/crypto-terms/what-is-blake-256","version":"cdd198d50cbe5c9c21c9329d7c096ffc"}" class="container-fluid d-flex crypto-book p-0">

Crypto Terms: Letter B

What is Blake-256?

Blake-256 MEANING:
Blake-256 - a hash algorithm used in Decred.
Medium
2 minutes

Let's find out Blake-256 meaning, definition in crypto, what is Blake-256, and all other detailed facts.

Blake-256 is a hash algorithm that was created by Jean-Philippe Aumasson, Luca Henzen, Willi Meier, and Raphael C.-W. Phan and is used in Decred. The Blake-256 algorithm was designed to run as fast as SHA-1 on 64-bit processors and MD5 on 32-bit processors. Blake is based on a variant of the Salsa20 stream cipher called ChaCha. However, Blake’s internal state (1600 bits) is larger than Salsa20’s (256 bits).

The way that Blake works can be described in steps:

  • The message is initially divided into blocks, each of which is hashed separately (the last block is padded to a full block length).
  • Each block is passed through a 512-bit internal state that is operated by an internal compression function (32 rows and 16 columns).
  • XOR is used to combine the output of the compression function with the starting state, and then a linear transformation is used to permute it.
  • After that, the final state is split into two 512-bit halves and XORed together to create the final version.

A great technique of decreasing a hash value is to XOR it with a constant value, which on some architectures can result in more efficient computing. This notion is heavily used in the Blake-256 hashing method. Besides, this does not result in a major decrease in security, and it does speed up the algorithm's processing time.

The Blake hashing algorithm creates two distinct hash functions that are combined to create a 512-bit hash value (64 bytes).

Blake is an iterative hash function that increases security against collisions and preimage attacks by using randomization. Though it uses the same amount of resources as SHA-2 (but a smaller amount than MD5) to do that.

The main features of Blake include:

  • Fast Hashing. Blake is definitely one of the fastest cryptographic hash functions there is. In terms of speed, it even surpasses Whirlpool, which is the most widely used cryptographic hash function in the industry.
  • Stream Cipher. This feature enables a program to hash any quantity of data without having to wait for all of it to be read. Besides, it enables the usage of such applications as file hashing utilities.
  • Security. Since it has a larger internal state (1024 bits) it is definitely more secure than SHA-2, which has a half smaller internal state (512 bits).